feat(rust,python): Implement max/min methods for dtypes

[eitsupi]

Close #19412

[mcrumiller]

I think here we can use something like NaiveDate::MAX() and MIN from chrono here to get date limits, and likewise for NaiveDateTime. As an example, the naive date max value is 95026236 and we can see we hit that limit here as well:

import polars as pl

pl.Series([95026236]).cast(pl.Date)  # works
pl.Series([95026237]).cast(pl.Date)  # PanicException: out-of-range date

[eitsupi]

Good point. Perhaps could be discussed in a follow-up issue?

I don't know if we should include chrono limitations here or not.

[alexander-beedie]

Nice one; we should probably think about deprecating upper_bound and lower_bound on Series once this merges and simply rely on this DataType min/max. Seems a more natural place to find this info 🤔

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.24561% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.84%. Comparing base (1d5c640) to head (6128f8e).
Report is 61 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/polars-core/src/datatypes/dtype.rs	96.66%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #19494   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   79.83%   79.84%           
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  Files        1536     1536           
  Lines      211357   211384   +27     
  Branches     2445     2445           
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+ Hits       168744   168769   +25     
- Misses      42058    42060    +2     
  Partials      555      555           

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[eitsupi]

This can be merged?