fix: Raise InvalidOperationError for invalid float to decimal casts (e.g. Inf, NaN)

[lukemanley]

closes #19934

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 79.48%. Comparing base (54a112d) to head (7a03034).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #19938   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   79.48%   79.48%           
=======================================
  Files        1555     1555           
  Lines      216213   216213           
  Branches     2456     2456           
=======================================
+ Hits       171862   171863    +1     
+ Misses      43793    43792    -1     
  Partials      558      558           

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[ritchie46]

Thanks!